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Our DNA faces thousands of damages daily, with sunlight being a major culprit. UVA, UVB, and High Energy Visible Light (HEVIS) harm our genetic material in different ways. These various types of DNA damage require diverse mechanisms for repair to maintain genomic integrity and prevent mutations that could lead to skin cancer and premature aging. This video explains (oversimplified) the key mechanisms of DNA damage by UVB, UVA and Hight Energy Visible Light (HEVIS) or Blue Light and repair.
UVA radiation (315-400 nm) causes damage primarily through indirect mechanisms: ▌ Photosensitization: Generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) via interaction with endogenous photosensitizers ▌ Oxidative stress: Leads to oxidative DNA damage, particularly 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) lesions ▌ Indirect cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) formation: Less efficient than UVB ▌ Direct DNA damage: Forms CPDs, especially at TT sequences ▌ DNA strand breaks: Both single-strand and double-strand breaks can occur ▌ Genomic instability: Long-term consequence of UVA exposure UVB radiation (280-315 nm) causes damage primarily through direct absorption by DNA: ▌ Direct CPD formation: Most abundant UVB-induced lesion ▌ 6-4 photoproduct (6-4PP) formation: Second most common UVB-induced lesion ▌ Dewar valence isomer generation: Derived from 6-4PPs upon further UVB exposure ▌ Oxidative DNA damage: Less prominent than with UVA ▌ DNA-protein crosslinks: Between DNA and nearby proteins ▌ Single-strand breaks: Can occur due to UVB exposure ▌ Pyrimidine hydrates: Minor UVB-induced lesions Blue light or HEVIS (400-700 nm) causes damage through mechanisms similar to UVA: ▌ Photosensitization: Generates ROS via interaction with endogenous photosensitizers ▌ Oxidative stress: Leads to oxidative DNA damage, particularly 8-oxoG lesions ▌ Mitochondrial DNA damage: Can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction ▌ Indirect CPD formation: Less efficient than UVA or UVB ▌ Single-strand DNA breaks: Caused by ROS-induced oxidative damage ▌ Lipid peroxidation: Indirectly affects DNA integrity ▌ Protein oxidation: Can damage DNA repair enzymes Take care Anne-Marie
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